Η χρήση της Ηλεκτροστατικής Συσκευής Ανίχνευσης (ESDA) στη δικαστική εξέταση εγγράφων/The use of the Electrostatic Detection Device (ESDA) in FDE

Στο καινούργιο τευχος της Ποινικής Δικαιοσύνης (ΠοινΔικ 12/2007, ΕΤΟΣ 10ο, σελ. 1449-1454), ο Ν.Καλαντζής παρουσιάζει μελέτη με τίτλο: "Η χρήση της Ηλεκτροστατικής Συσκευής Ανίχνευσης (ESDA) στη δικαστική εξέταση εγγράφων".


In the new issue of the greek journal of Penal Justice/Ποινικής Δικαιοσύνης (ΠοινΔικ 12/2007, ΕΤΟΣ 10ο, σελ. 1449-1454), N.Kalantzis present a paper titled: "The use of the Electrostatic Detection Device (ESDA) in forensic examination of documents".

Περίληψη/Abstract: Σε αυτό το άρθρο παρουσιάζονται και συνοψίζονται οι αρχές λειτουργίας και οι εφαρμογές της Ηλεκτροστατικής Συσκευής Ανίχνευσης (ESDA), στα πλαίσια της δικαστικής γραφολογίας. Η Ηλεκτροστατική Συσκευή Ανίχνευσης (ESDA) λειτουργεί με μια ηλεκτροστατική διαδικασία, με την οποία το εξεταζόμενο έγγραφο αποκαλύπτει τις διαταραχές που υπάρχουν στη επιφάνειά του. Η απεικόνιση στην οποία καταλήγουμε μπορεί να αποθηκευθεί και να επεξεργασθεί ώστε να εξάγουμε συμπεράσματα για τις συνθήκες συγγραφής του εξεταζόμενου εγγράφου, ενώ η διαδικασία δεν επηρεάζει και δεν αλλοιώνει καθόλου το έγγραφο.
In this publication, the author presents the principles of function and the applications of the electrostatic apparatus of detection in judicial graphology/forensic document examination. This apparatus (ESDA) functions with an electrostatic procedure by which the document examined reveals the disturbances existing in its surface.

Εκδόσεις Νομική Βιβλιοθήκη: http://www.nb.org/

ΠΟΙΝΙΚΗ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ 12/2007 - ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ: http://www.nb.org/contents.php?id=823

Κύκλωμα ΄Εκδοσης Πλαστών Πιστοποιητικών

Συνελήφθη ανθυποσμηναγός της πολεμικής αεροπορίας στη Θεσσαλονίκης, ενώ προσπάθησε να εξασφαλίσει πλαστές σφραγίδες των Αστυνομικών Τμημάτων του Πύργου και της Πάτρας που επλήγησαν από τις πυρκαγιές του καλοκαιριού.
Η απάτη αποκαλύφθηκξε όταν η ιδιοκτήτρια του καταστήματος όπου είχε παραγγήλει τις πλαστές σφραφίδες, επικοινώνησε με τα αντίστοιχα αστυνομικά τμήματα.
Ερευνάται η πιθανότητα να υπάρχει κύκλωμα έκδοσης πλαστών πιστοποιητικών.

ΣΚΑΪ: http://www.skai.gr/master_story.php?id=61598

ALPHA: http://www.alphatv.gr/index.asp?a_id=91&news_id=25862

ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ: http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_ell_1_04/10/2007_243857

Size influence on shape of handwritten characters loops

Στο καινούργιο e-τευχος του Forensic Science International (Volume 172, Issue 1, 2 October 2007, Pages 10-16 ), οι R. Marquisa, F. Taronia, S. Bozzab και M. Schmittbuhlc παρουσιάζουν μια εργασία με τίτλο: "Size influence on shape of handwritten characters loops".

In the new Issue of Forensic Science International (Volume 172, Issue 1, 2 October 2007, Pages 10-16 ), R. Marquisa, F. Taronia, S. Bozzab & M. Schmittbuhlc rpresent a paper titled: "Size influence on shape of handwritten characters loops".

Περίληψη/Abstract:

In the practice of forensic handwriting experts, the size of the writing on a questioned document may be different from that of known samples. In this study, the hypothesis of shape invariance of handwritten closed loops across size increasing was tested. A Fourier methodology was applied to 2325 small letters (591 a loops, 547 d loops, 596 o loops and 591 q loops) and 692 enlarged letters (162 a loops, 173 d loops, 173 o loops and 184 q loops), in a population of 13 writers who were asked to write letters in their usual size and about three times larger. Most of the writers presented similar modifications when increasing the size of the loops; they produced enlarged loops significantly more round and less slanted towards the right or the left. Furthermore, a discrimination was demonstrated between the writers on the basis of the enlarged loops, with a correct classification rate superior to 90%, whatever the letter (a, d, o or q). A classification of the enlarged loops in their corresponding writer was then possible. On the contrary, when comparing the enlarged loops to the small ones, almost one half of the enlarged loops were allocated to a wrong writer. Shape invariance was thus not supported for this particular application. Consequently, when comparing documents with a different writing size, differences in loops shape should be interpreted cautiously because they may be due to a different writer, but they may also be due to an enlargement of the loops. Therefore, reference material of similar writing size to that of the questioned writing should be requested for the comparison of handwritten loops.

Σύνδεσμος/Link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6W-4MRFC96-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F02%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=663719975968bb7066aadfc90adff2bc

Detection of copy–move forgery using a method based on blur moment invariants loops

Στο καινούργιο e-τευχος του Forensic Science International (Volume 171, Issue 2-3, 13 September 2007, Pages 180-189 ), οι Babak Mahdian και Stanislav Saic παρουσιάζουν μια εργασία με τίτλο: "Detection of copy-move forgery using a method based on blur moment invariants".

In the new Issue of Forensic Science International (Volume 171, Issue 2-3, 13 September 2007, Pages 180-189 ), Babak Mahdian & Stanislav Saic present a paper titled: "Detection of copy–move forgery using a method based on blur moment invariants".

Περίληψη/Abstract:

In our society digital images are a powerful and widely used communication medium. They have an important impact on our life. In recent years, due to the advent of high-performance commodity hardware and improved human–computer interfaces, it has become relatively easy to create fake images. Modern, easy to use image processing software enables forgeries that are undetectable by the naked eye. In this work we propose a method to automatically detect and localize duplicated regions in digital images. The presence of duplicated regions in an image may signify a common type of forgery called copy–move forgery. The method is based on blur moment invariants, which allows successful detection of copy–move forgery, even when blur degradation, additional noise, or arbitrary contrast changes are present in the duplicated regions. These modifications are commonly used techniques to conceal traces of copy–move forgery. Our method works equally well for lossy format such as JPEG. We demonstrate our method on several images affected by copy–move forgery.

Σύνδεσμος/ Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6W-4MJBTMV-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F13%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=92226831e72dc0baba6bf5b34d7f952f

Journal of Forensic Sciences/ July 2007

Κυκλοφόρησε το νέο τεύχος του Journal of Forensic Sciences (JOFSC), Volume 52, Number 4, July 2007. Ακολουθούν τα περιεχόμενά που αφορούν τηε Δικαστική Γραφολογία:

The new issue of the Journal of Forensic Sciences (JOFSC), Volume 52, Number 4, July 2007 has been released.Here are the contents of the articles concerning Questioned Documents:

• D.L.Hammond: Validation of LAB color mode as Nondestructive Method to differentiate Black Ballpoint Pen Inks (pp.967)
• S.Sugawara: Passport Examination by Polarized Infrared Spectrum (pp. 974)

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jfo/52/4

ABSTRACTS:

Passport Examination by Polarized Infrared Spectra

Abstract: In this study, a new nondestructive technique for passport examination is proposed. In this technique, linearly polarized light is used to measure Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectra of films on the biographical data page. Thirty genuine and thirty-five counterfeit Japanese passports and five marketed films pasted on name cards were examined. The measured spectra were analyzed as follows. The absorption spectra were obtained by the Kramers–Kronig transformations of reflectance spectra. The peak ratios were then calculated from the absorption spectra by adding the peak areas at 1126 and 1263 cm1 and dividing the result by the peak area at 1727 cm1. When nonpolarized light was used, the samples could not be distinguished by comparing the peak ratios. However, when polarized light was used, they were successfully distinguished by the comparison. Therefore, polarized light is useful for the forensic discrimination of passport films by the measurement of FT-IR spectra.

Validation of LAB Color Mode as a Nondestructive Method to Differentiate Black Ballpoint Pen Inks

Abstract: Nondestructive digital processing methods such as lab color mode (available in Adobe® Photoshop®) are emerging as alternative methods for forensic document examiners to use when attempting to differentiate writing instrument inks. Although these techniques appear to be viable, little data currently exists regarding the known or potential error rates associated with these techniques. Without adequate data, the validity and reliability of these techniques, including lab color, can not be established. In an attempt to begin to address these issues, 44 black ballpoint ink pens were obtained and used to create 990 pen-pair samples for analysis using established lab color mode techniques. No erroneous findings of "different" were reported following the examination of the known pen-pair combinations in which the same pen was used to create the samples (n = 44). Of the remaining 946 samples, 737 pen-pair samples were differentiated using the lab color mode method, while 209 samples were unable to be differentiated and were recorded as either being "similar" (n = 153) or "unsure" (n = 56). Comparison of the lab color mode results with the results obtained through additional testing using traditional infrared reflectance and infrared luminescence test methods showed that lab color differentiated 102 pen-pair samples (11%; 102/946) that were not differentiated using a VSC-4C.